Function in UFCEP:

Dr. Eisenschenk is fellowship trained in neurophysiology in epilepsy and sleep medicine at the University of Florida. His services include diagnosis of both epileptic syndromes and sleep disorders. He evaluates patients seen in Neurology/Epilepsy clinic for both medical and surgical treatment of epilepsy. His role pertaining to the Comprehensive Epilepsy Program is to assist in electrographic localization of seizure origin for surgical resection, if possible. Dr. Eisenschenk also performs intraoperative and extraoperative testing of brain function to minimize the risk of secondary loss of motor, language, visual, etc., function following epilepsy surgery. Dr. Eisenschenk is the director of the program utilizing stereotactic radiosurgery for the noninvasive "surgical" treatment of epilepsy.

Interests:

Dr. Eisenschenk's main interests are in the cellular and biochemical basis of seizures, including the propagation patterns of seizure activity with application of this research to the treatment of patients with epilepsy. His current research includes assessment of neuronal densities and correlation to seizure activity and patterns of spread throughout the brain in conjunction with clinical outcomes of patients that have undergone seizure surgery. His research also includes the utilization of stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of focal epilepsy.

Academic Positions/Medical Employment:

• Assistant Professor, University of Florida, Department of Neurology; July 1998 to present
• Assistant Residency Director, University of Florida, Department of Neurology, November 1998 to present
• Institutional Committee for Graduate Medical Education, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Junior Faculty Representative, July 1, 1998, to present
• Medical School Admissions Committee, University of Florida, College of Medicine

Organizations:

• Member, American Academy of Neurology, 1997 to present
• Member, American Epilepsy Society, 1997 to present
• Member, American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 1999 to present

Primary Research Protocols: Principal Investigator:

• Principal Investigator: LINAC stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of medically intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy; IACUC #9696, 1999 to present
• Principal Investigator: Stereotactic LINAC radiosurgery for the treatment of medically intractable epilepsy; IRB #381-1999, 1999 to present

Selected Publications:

• Gilmore RL, Fennel E, Bowers D, Bauer R, Eisenschenk S, Cibula J, Quisling R, Williams L, Roper S. Methohexital Wada testing for prognosis of seizure outcome in patients undergoing anterior temporal lobectomy. In press.
• Eisenschenk S, Gilmore RL. Adult onset seizures: clinical solutions to a challenging patient work-up. Geriatrics 1999; 54(11): 18-30.
• Eisenschenk S, Gilmore RL. Strategies for successful management of older patients with seizures. Geriatrics 1999; 54(12):31-46.
• Roper S, Eisenschenk S, King M. Reduced density of parvalbumin calbindin D28k-immunoreactive neurons in experimental cortical dysplasia. Epilepsy Research 37:63-71, 1999.
• Eisenschenk S, Gilmore RL, Friedman WA, and Henchey RA. The effect of LINAC stereotactic radiosurgery on epilepsy associated with arteriovenous malformations. Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, 71:51-61, 1998.
• Rossi F, Triggs WJ, and Eisenschenk S. Topographic differences in task-dependent facilitation of motor evoked potentials. Neurology 1999; 52(3):537-540.
• Gilmore RL, Childress MD, Leonard C, Roper S, Eisenschenk S, Mahoney M. Hippocampal volumetrics differentiate patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Arch Neurol,52:819-24, 1995.
• Gilmore RL, Fennel EM, Bowers D, Bauer R, Eisenschenk S, Quisling RG, Williams L, Roper SN. Methohexital WADA tesing for prognosis of seizure outcome in patients undergoing anterior temporal lobectomy. Epilepsia 1999; 40(7):213-214.
• Eisenschenk S, Gilmore RL, Friedman WA, Bova F. Effect of radiosurgery on epilepsy associated with AVMs based on localization and seizure type. Epilepsia 1999; 40(7): 208-209.
• Browd SR, Briggs SW, Roper SN, Crosson B, Aeurbach EJ, Eisenschenk S, Gilmore RL, Maron LM, Latimer J, Kopinath KS. Functional MRI detects residual eloquent cortex in patients with unilateral perinatal stroke. 1999 American Association of Neurologic Surgeons.
• Eisenschenk S, Roper S, Cibula J, Gilmore RL. Comparison of depth electrode and subdural electrode detection in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia, 39(Suppl 6):82,1998.
• Snively C, Lilly D, Eisenschenk S, Gilmore RL. Feasibility of intranasal midazolam for seizure clusters in adult out- patients with intractable epilepsy. Epilepsia, 39(Suppl 6): 126, 1998.
• Eisenschenk S, Triggs WJ, Rojiani AM, and Pearl GS. Proximal myotonic myopathy: clinical and histological features of two cases. J of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 56(5): 621, May 1997.
• Barreto A, Principe J, Gilmore R, Schmidt R, Roper S, Eisenschenk S, Reid S. Detection and identification of interictal epileptiform focus using the spatiotemporal laplacian (STL) transformation. Epilepsia, 34: 131,1993.
• Barreto A, Principe J, Gilmore R, Schmidt R, Roper S, Eisenschenk S, Reid S. Display of focal interictal activity from intraoperative ECoG using the STL transformation. Epilepsia, 34:131, 1993.
• Gilmore RL, Childress MD, Leonard C, Quisling R, Roper S, Eisenschenk S. Hippocampal volumetrics in patients with temporal lobe and extratemporal lobe epilepsy. Neurology, 44: A350, 1994.

Chapters:

• Eisenschenk S, Juras DM, Roper SN. Epilepsy. In: Clinical Applications in Neurosurgical Monitoring; Mahla ME and Sulek CA, eds. WB Saunders Company, 2000.
• Eisenschenk S, Gilmore RL. Seizures associated with non- neurological medical conditions. In: The Treatment of Epilepsy: Principles and Practice, 3rd ed., Elaine Wyllie, ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Co., 2000.

Position:

Professor, Department of Neurology, and affiliate in the Department of Pediatrics, and in the Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida

Education:

• Undergraduate: University of Cincinnati, B.S., summa cum laude
• Medical School: The Ohio State University College of Medicine, M.D. with Honors (surgery)
• Residency and Fellowship: University of Florida

Director, Epilepsy Monitoring Unit; epileptologist, electroencephalographer

Interests:

localization of the EEG focus, and the epileptogenic zone; EEG propagation of ictal signals; neuro-imaging (structural and functional); mood disorders and affect modulation among epilepsy patients, treatments for epilepsy (current and historical)

Selected Publications:

• Triggs WJ, Gilmore RL, Millington DS, Cibula J, Bunch TS, Harman E. Valproate-associated carnitine deficiency and malignant cerebral edema in the absence of hepatic failure. Intrntnal J Clin Pharm and Therapeutics.
• Helveston W, Gilmore R, Roper S, Mastin S, Quisling R, Drance W, Eikman E, Leonard C, Browd S and Childress D. Intractable temporal lobe epilepsy: comparison of positron emission tomography with qualitative and quantitative MR. AJNR 1996;17:1515-1521.
• Casdagli MC, Iasemidis LD, Gilmore RL, Roper SN, Savit RS, Sackellares JC. Characterizing nonlinearity in invasive EEG recordings from temporal lobe epilepsy. Physica D, 99:381-399, 1996.

Position:

Professor of Neurology, Associate Professor of Neuroscience

Education/Training:

• University of Georgia, Athens, GA B.S. 1967-70 (chemistry)
• Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA M.D.1970-73 (medicine)

Research and Professional Experience:

• Internal Medicine Internship, University of Kentucky, Louisville, Kentucky, 1973-74
• Neurology Residency, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, 1974-77
• Fellowship in Clinical Epilepsy and Electroencephalography, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia., 1977-79
• Research Assistant Professor, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 1979
• Assistant Professor of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1979-84
• Associate Professor of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1984-91
• Professor of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1991-93
• Chief, Neurology Service, Gainesville VA Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, 1993&3150;96
• Professor Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 1993-present
• Affiliate Professor of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 1994-present

Articles:

• Abou-Khalil BW, Siegel GJ, Sackellares JC, Gilman S, Hichwa R, Marshall R: Positron emission tomography studies of cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with chronic partial epilepsy. Ann Neurol 22:480-486,1987.
• Iasemidis LD, Sackellares JC, Zaveri BP, Williams WJ: Modeling of ECoG in temporal lobe epilepsy. Biomed Sci Instrum 24:187-193,1988.
• Zaveri HP, Iasemidis LD, Williams WJ, Sackellares JC: Multielectrode analysis of the electrocorticogram in temporal lobe epilepsy. Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society 10: 1198-1200,1988.
• Iasemidis LD, Zaveri HP, Sackellares JC, Williams WJ: Phase space analysis of EEG data in temporal lobe epilepsy. IEEE
• Engineering and Medicine & Biology Society 10th Annual International Conference, New Orleans, 1988.
• Iasemidis LD, Sackellares JC, Zaveri BP, Williams WJ: Phase space topography and the Lyapunov exponent of the electrocorticogram in partial seizures. Brain Topography, 2(3):187-201, 1990.
• Sackellares JC, Siegel GJ, Abou-Khalil BW, Hood TV, Gilman S, McKeever PE, Hichwa RD, Hutchins GD: Differences between lateral and mesial temporal metabolism interictally in epilepsy of mesial temporal origin. Neurology, 40:1420- 1426, 1990.
• McDonald JW, Garofalo EA, Hood T, Sackellares JC, Gilman S, McKeever PE, Troncaso JC, Johnston MV: Altered excitatory and inhibitory amino acid receptor binding in hippocarnpus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Annals of Neurology, 29:5 029-541, 1991.
• Zaveri BP, Williams WJ, lasemidis LD, Sackellares JC: Time-frequency representation of electrocorticograms in temporal lobe epilepsy. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 3 9:5 02-5 09, 1992.
• The Felbamate Study Group in Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (Sackellares JC - member) Efficacy of Felbamate in Childhood Epileptic Encephalopathy (the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine, 328:29-33, 1993.
• Bourgeois B, Laxer Y, Lesser R, Leppik IE, Messenheimer JA, Sackellares JC: Felbamate: A double-blind controlled trial in patients undergoing surgical evaluation of partial seizures. Neurology, 43:693-696, 1993.M
• Henry TR, Frey KA, Sackellares JC, Gilman S, Koeppe RA, Brunberg JA, Ross DA, Berent S, Buchtel HA, Young AB and Kuhl DE: In vivo cerebral metabolism and central benzodiazapine receptor binding in temporal lobe epilepsy Neurology 43:1998-2006, 1993.
• Giordani B, Rourke D, Berent S, Sackellares JC, Seidenberg M, Butterbaugh G, Boll TJ, O'Leary DS, Dreifuss FE: Comparison of WAIS subtest performance of patients with complex partial seizures (temporal lobe) generalized seizures. Psychol Assessment, 5(2): 159-163, 1993.
• Leppik I.E., Willmore LJ, Homan R, Fromm G, Oomen KJ, Penry JK Sackellares JC, Smith DB, Lesser RP, Wallace JD, Trudeau JL, Lamoreaux LK, Spenser M: Efficacy and safety of zonisamide: results of a multicenter study. Epilepsy Res. 14(2):165-173, 1993.
• The US Gabapentin Study Group No. 5: Gabapentin as add-on therapy in refractory partial epilepsy: A double-blind placebo- controlled, parallel-group study. Neurology 43:2292-2298, 1993.
• Iasemidis LD, Olson LD, Savit RS, Sackellares JC: Time dependencies in the occurrences of epileptic seizures. Epilepsy Research 17:81-94, 1994.
• The U.S. Gabapentin Group: The long-term safety and efficacy of gabapentin (Neurontin) as add-on therapy in drug resistant partial epilepsy. Epilepsy Research 18:67-73, 1994.
• Burdette DE, Sackellares JC: Felbamate Pharmacology and Use in Epilepsy. J Clin Neuropharmacol. 17, (5):389-40 1994.
• Pledger GW, Sackellares JC, Treiman DM, Pellock JM, Wright FS, Mikati M, Sahloot JT, Tsay JY, Drake ME, Olson L, Hardforth CA, Garnett WR, Schacter S, Kupferberg HJ, Ashworth MR, McCormick C, Leiderman D, Krpetanovic IM, Driscoll S, O'Hara K, Torchin CD, Gentile J, Kay A, Cereghino JJ: Flunarizine for Treatment of Partial Seizures: Results of a concentration - Controlled Trial. Neurology 44: 1830 - 1836, 1994.
• Sackellares JC, Burdette DE, Cunsheng Z, Olson LD: Electroencephalographic measures of antiepileptic drug effects in the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome. Epilepsia. 17: 389402, 1994.
• Williams WJ, Zaveri HP, Sackellares JC: Time-frequency analysis of electrophysiological signals in epilepsy. IEEE Engineering and Medicine and Biology: 14 (2) 1995.
• Burdette DE, Sakurai SY, Henry TR, Ross DA, Pennell PB, Frey KA, Sackellares JC, and Albin R. Temporal lobe central benzodiazepine binding in unilateral mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurology 45:934-941, 1995.
• Beydoun, Ahmad, Uthman, Basim M., Sackellares, J.Chris: Gabapentin: Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy and Safety, J Clin Neuropharmacology, In Press.
• Iasemidis LD and Sackellares JC. Chaos theory and epilepsy. The Neuroscientist, 2:118-126, 1996.
• Privitera, M, Fincham R, Penry JK, Reife R, Kramer L, Pledger G, Karim R and the Topiramate YE Study Group. Topiramate Placebo-Controlled Dose-Ranging Trial in Refractory Partial Epilepsy using 600, 800 and 1000 mg daily dosages. Neurology, in press.
• Casdagli MC, lasemidis LD, Gilmore RL, Roper SN, Savit RS, Sackellares JC. "Characterizing nonlinearity in invasive EEG recordings from temporal lobe epilepsy", Physica D, in press.
• Casdagli MC, lasemidis LD, Savit RS, Gilmore RL, Roper SN, Sackellares JC. Nonlinearity in invasive EEG recordings fro patient with temporal lobe epilepsy, EEG Clin Neurophysiol, in press.
• Kalogjera-Sackellares D and Sackellares JC. Personality profiles of patients with pseudoseizures. Seizure, in press.

Book Chapters:

• Siegel GJ, Abou-Khalil BW, Sackellares JC: Imaging of regional cerebral metabolism and blood flow in epilepsy. In: Sen AK, Lee T (Eds.), Receptors and Legends in Neurological Disorders, Chapter 11, pp. 211-234. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1988.
• Sackellares JC, Abou-Khalil BW: Advanced neuroimaging techniques as diagnostic tools in epilepsy. In: Smith DB (Ed.), Epilepsy: Current Approaches to Diagnosis and Treatment, Chapter 4, pp. 75-90. Raven Press, New York 1990.
• Iasemidis LD, Sackellares, JC: The evolution with time of the spatial distribution of the largest Lyapunov exponent of the human epileptic cortex. In. Dennis Duke, (Ed.), Measuring Chaos in the Human Brain, pp. 49-82. World Scientific Publishing Company, New Jersey, 1991.
• Iasemidis LD, Sackellares JC, Savit RS: Quantification of hidden time dependencies in the EEG within the framework nonlinear dynamics. In B. Jansen, (Ed.), Nonlinear Dynamical Analysis of the EEG, pp 30-47 World Scientific Publishing Company, New Jersey, 1993.
• Sackellares JC and Helveston W: Pathophysiology of the epilepsies in Sackellares JC and Berent S (eds). Psychological Disturbances in Epilepsy. Butterworths, Boston, MA, in press 1995.
• Sackellares JC and Berent S: Psychological and Social Consequences of Epilepsy: Summary and Conclusions in Sackellares JC and Berents S (eds). Psychological Disturbances in Epilepsy. Butterworths, Boston MA, 1995.

Positions:

• Associate Professor of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine and Brain Institute, Gainesville, Florida
• Director, Antiepileptic drug and VNS implant trials, VAMC and Shands hospitals, University of Florida College of Medicine
• Director, Clinical Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
• Assistant Chief, Neurology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida

• B.Sc. (biology): American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
• M.D.: American University of Beirut, College of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
• Internship: American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
• Residency (neurology): University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
• Clinical Fellowship in Neurophysiology/Epilepsy: with Dr. M. Privitera, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati and Veterans Affairs Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
• Minifellowship in Epilepsy: with Dr. J. Kiffin Penry, Bowman Gray Medical School, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
• Clinical Research Fellow in Epilepsy (neurophysiology and neuropharmacology): with Prof. B.J. Wilder, Department of Neurology, University of Florida and Veterans Affairs Hospital, Gainesville, Florida
• Clinical Research Fellow in Epilepsy (drug and iImplant trials): with Prof. B.J. Wilder, Department of Neurology, University of Florida and Veterans Affairs Hospital, Gainesville, Florida

Function in UFCEP:

Dr. Uthman is an attending epileptologist for both the neurology services at the VA Medical Center and Shands Teaching Hospital Epilepsy Monitoring Unit. He is board certified by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN), American Board of Clinical Neurophysiology, and the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology additional competence with special qualifications in clinical neurophysiology.

Dr. Uthman is based at the VAMC and serves as a consultant for Shands Hospital advising the neurology team on planning diagnostic workups for potential epilepsy surgery patients. He sets an initial individual plan for each case on admission to the hospital and may modify it on daily follow-ups. Using stored video and digital EEG data, Dr. Uthman reviews events and interictal information captured on the video/EEG telemetry system and determines whether the events reviewed are epileptic seizures or some other type of spells such as psychogenic pseudoseizures. As an electroencephalographer he attempts to identify a consistent focal EEG onset of the stereotyped seizures or at least lateralize the onset to one of the hemispheres or lobes. After neuropsychological testing and special neuroimaging studies are done, all data is presented and discussed at a weekly Epilepsy Management Conference, which includes a neuroradiologist, a neuropsychologist, the neurosurgeon, an EMU tech., epilepsy nurse practitioners, and all three epileptologists. At this meeting recommendations are formulated to go forth with resective surgery after passing the Wada test, to deny surgery, or to readmit for phase II invasive monitoring with depth electrodes, or with subdural plates and strips. Dr. Uthman supervises the intraarterial sodium Brevital test to determine speech and memory lateralization and interprets electrocorticography in the operating room to assist the neurosurgeon in identifying the epileptogenic focus or mapping eloquent or other functionally important cortical areas prior to resection. As an expert in vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) using the NeuroCybernetic Prosthesis (NCP) system, and as a busy clinical antiepileptic drug (AED) trial investigator, he offers VNS or one of the experimental AEDs under study to patients with medically intractable complex partial seizures.

Interests:

Dr. Uthman is interested in studying the safety, efficacy, and pharmacology of new AEDs. He has completed several trials including topiramate, tiagabine, lamotrigine, gabapentin, vigabatrin, zonisamide, and fosphenytoin to name a few. He is currently conducting four protocols on three new AEDs; one intravenous and two oral drugs. Dr. Uthman is one of the early researchers who pioneered in studying the feasibility of VNS in the human subject. The early work in pilot studies accomplished by Dr. Uthman and his colleagues has led to two multicenter double-blind randomized studies, which in turn led to the approval of VNS as a viable adjunctive therapy for complex partial seizures. Dr. Uthman has the largest and longest experience with VNS in the human subjects.

Other interests include the study of free radical scavengers in the treatment of progressive myoclonic epilepsy and other neurodegenerative disorders such as spino cerabellar atrophy, Friedreich's ataxia, and ataxia telangiectasia. Dr. Uthman serves as the neurologist of the spinal cord transplant team at the University of Florida, and he is interested in the study of regeneration of neuronal tissue as evidenced by changes in neurological examinations and clinical neurophysiological studies such as evoked potentials. Finally there have been claims that dogs can be trained to alert their owners prior to seizure occurrences. In collaboration with colleagues from the veterinary medical school, Dr. Uthman is studying this phenomenon of "seizure alert dogs."

Selected Publications:

• B.M. Uthman, B.J. Wilder, J.K. Penry, C. Dean, R.E. Ramsey, S.A. Reid, E.J. Hammond, W.B. Tarver, J.F. Wernicke: Treatment of epilepsy by stimulation of the vagus nerve. Neurology 43: 1338-1345, 1992.
• B.M. Uthman, B.J. Wilder, and R.E. Ramsey: Intramuscular use of Fosphenytoin. Neurology 4 (Suppl):S24-28, 1996
• B.M. Uthman; A. James Rowan, Peter A. Ahmann, Ilo E. Leppik, Steven C. Schachter, Kenneth W. Sommerville, and Vincent Shu: Tiagabine for Complex Partial Siezures; A Randomized Add-on, Dose-Response Trial. Archives of Neurology 55:56-62, 1998.

Position:

Assistant Professor of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine

Education:

Dr. Carney has subspecialties in pediatric neurology, epilepsy, sleep disorders, clinical neurophysiology, and pediatrics. He trained in pediatrics at Case Western Reserve University Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital of Cleveland, and then received subspecialty training at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Dr. Carney serves as a pediatric neurologist in the Comprehensive Epilepsy Program. He supervises all aspects of evaluation and treatment for children with epilepsy, both medical and surgical.

Interests:

Dr. Carney has a special interest in seizures in children and adolescents and continues to conduct extensive research in this area. He has expertise in a range of pediatric neurological problems and therapies, including epilepsy surgery, anticonvulsant investigational trials, ketogenic diet, and sleep disorders.

Positions:

• Associate Professor, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine
• Edward Shedd Wells Professor of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery
• Chief, Neurosurgery Section, Malcolm Randall VA Medical Center

Education:

• Undergraduate: Texas A&M University
• Medical School: University of Texas Medical Branch
• Internship: UCLA School of Medicine
• Residency: UCLA School of Medicine
• Fellowship: UCLA School of Medicine

Function in UFCEP:

Dr. Roper serves as the neurosurgeon for the University of Florida Comprehensive Epilepsy Program. He provides neurosurgical services for all types of procedures related to the diagnosis (and localization) and treatment of intractable epilepsy. These include stereotactic placement of depth electrodes, implantation of subdural electrodes, temporal lobectomies, cortical resections outside of the temporal lobe, removal of brain lesions that produce epilepsy, corpus callosotomy, hemispherectomy, and multiple subpial transections. Dr. Roper also performs intraoperative testing to localize important brain functions during the course of surgeries for epilepsy and brain tumors when this information is necessary to increase the safety of the operation.

Interests:

Dr. Roper is interested in the cellular basis of epilepsy and how this information can improve our ability to treat patients with intractable epilepsy. Research projects include studying tissue that is surgically removed in the treatment of intractable epilepsy and comparing this with preoperative diagnostic studies in the same patients. He has a special interest in abnormalities of brain development (cortical dysplasia) and how these abnormalities may produce intractable epilepsy. He is also interested in studying the surgical anatomy of the temporal lobe (the most common site of origin for intractable epilepsy in adults).

Selected Publications:

• Roper SN, Gilmore RL, Houser CR: Experimentally induced disorders of neuronal migration produce an increased propensity for electrographic seizures in rats. Epilepsy Research 21:205-219, 1995.
• Roper SN, King MA, Abraham LA, Boillot MA: Disinhibited in vitro neocortical slices containing experimentally induced cortical dysplasia demonstrate hyperexcitability. Epilepsy Research 26:443-449, 1997.
• Roper SN: Surgical anatomy of the temporal lobe. In Rengachary SS, Wilkins RH (eds). Neurosurgical Operative Atlas, Volume 6. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997, pp. 115-124.
• Roper SN: In utero irradiation of rats as a model of human cerebrocortical dysplasia: a review. Epilepsy Research 32:63-74, 1998.
• Roper SN, Eisenschenk S, King MA: Reduced density of parvalbumin- and calbindin D28k-immunoreactive neurons in experimental cortical dyspalsia. Epilepsy Research 37:63-71, 1999.
• Murray KD, Isackson PJ, Eskin TA, King MA, Montesinos SP, Abraham LA, Roper SN: Altered mRNA epxression for brain-derived neurotrophic factor and type II calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in the hippocampus of patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. Journal of Comparative Neurology 418:411-422, 2000.